July 16, 2025, 6:32 am | Read time: 8 minutes

• Salicylic acid: Helps exfoliate dead skin cells and cleanse the scalp. 
• Coal tar: Slows the death and shedding of skin cells.  
• Zinc pyrithione: Has antimicrobial properties and inhibits the growth of Malassezia. 
• Selenium sulfide: Reduces cell production and fights yeast fungi. 
• Ketoconazole: A strong antifungal that works against fungi and yeasts. 

What are dandruff and what are their causes?

A skin flake (squama) is a small, flat lamella composed of connected horn cells (corneocytes). Dandruff becomes visible to us as small, white skin flakes that fall from the scalp. The most common cause of dandruff is simply a dry scalp, especially in the winter months. However, it can also be due to a medical condition such as psoriasis, eczema, or seborrheic dermatitis. This common scalp condition is characterized by oily, irritated skin. A fungal infection, such as by the yeast fungus Malassezia, can also be the cause. Hormonal fluctuations can also influence the production of dandruff. 

If I have dandruff, what symptoms do I usually have in addition? 

In addition to the visible white flakes on the scalp and in the hair, there can also be unpleasant itching, inflamed and reddened scalp, as well as irritations and small wounds on the scalp caused by scratching.  

How can I prevent dandruff? 

Regular washing with a mild, specialized shampoo helps remove excess oil and dead skin cells. Use products without harsh chemicals that can irritate the scalp. Also, keep in mind that stress can worsen dandruff, so it’s important to practice relaxation techniques and avoid stress. Additionally, maintain a balanced diet rich in zinc, B vitamins, and certain fats to help keep the scalp healthy. Avoid the heat from blow dryers and straighteners, as it can further dry out the scalp. 

Also interesting: Washing hair every two days – is that enough?

What is an anti-dandruff shampoo and how does it work? 

• Salicylic acid: Helps exfoliate dead skin cells and cleanse the scalp. 
• Coal tar: Slows the death and shedding of skin cells.  
• Zinc pyrithione: Has antimicrobial properties and inhibits the growth of Malassezia. 
• Selenium sulfide: Reduces cell production and fights yeast fungi. 
• Ketoconazole: A strong antifungal that works against fungi and yeasts. 

Can I use an anti-dandruff shampoo if I don’t have dandruff? 

If you don’t have dandruff, using an anti-dandruff shampoo is not necessary and offers no prophylactic benefits. While anti-dandruff shampoos can help keep the scalp healthy, excessive use can lead to dryness. It is advisable to use a mild shampoo for daily cleansing and apply anti-dandruff shampoos only as needed or on medical advice.  

How often and how long should I use anti-dandruff shampoos? 

In the acute phase, at the beginning of treatment when dandruff is severe, you should use the anti-dandruff shampoo two to three times a week. Once the dandruff is under control, in the so-called maintenance phase, the frequency can be reduced to once a week. 

How quickly do anti-dandruff shampoos work? 

The effectiveness of an anti-dandruff shampoo can vary depending on the severity of the dandruff and individual response to the active ingredients. Some people see significant improvement in just a few weeks, while others may need to use the shampoo long-term to manage dandruff. Generally, initial improvements should be visible within 1-2 weeks. Complete relief may take 4-6 weeks. 

Who are anti-dandruff shampoos not suitable for? 

Individuals who are sensitive or allergic to certain ingredients should carefully check the shampoo’s ingredients. Children and those with severe skin conditions, such as psoriasis or eczema, should consult a dermatologist before using an anti-dandruff shampoo.  

What should I consider when choosing the right anti-dandruff shampoo? 

It is important to choose the right product tailored to individual needs and the type of dandruff. A distinction is made between dry and oily dandruff. If unsure or experiencing skin problems, it is best to consult a dermatologist.  

Do I have dry or oily dandruff?  

Dry Dandruff

Small, white flakes that easily fall from the hair and are accompanied by a dry, possibly itchy scalp, often worsened by cold weather or dry air. The hair itself often feels dry and brittle. 

Oily Dandruff

Larger, more yellowish flakes that stick to the scalp and hair. The scalp is oily, marked by excessive sebum production, and possibly reddened. The hair can appear greasy and heavy. 

Top 3 anti-dandruff shampoos for dry dandruff 

Eucerin DermoCapillaire Anti-Dandruff Cream Shampoo

This shampoo not only effectively reduces dandruff but also soothes the scalp. Thanks to its mild yet effective formula, it is ideal for daily use. It is free from fragrances and dyes, minimizing the risk of irritation. The formula contains no harsh ingredients, making it ideal for very sensitive, irritated, dry scalps.  

• Price: Approx. €22.90  
• Content: 250 ml 
• Contains silicone: No 
• Contains parabens: No 
• Advantages: Specifically developed for sensitive and dry scalps, free from fragrances and dyes. 
• Disadvantages: Higher price  

Sebamed Anti-Dandruff Shampoo 

It impresses with its mild formulation that supports the natural pH value of the scalp at 5.5. This helps strengthen the skin’s natural barrier function and effectively reduce dandruff. It is free from silicones and parabens, making it particularly skin-friendly.  

• Price: Approx. €3.89  
• Content: 200 ml 
• Contains silicone: No 
• Contains parabens: No 
• Advantages: Mild on the scalp, pH value 5.5 promotes the skin’s natural protective function. 
• Disadvantages: May not be sufficiently moisturizing for extremely dry scalps. The scent is very subtle, barely noticeable.  

La Roche-Posay Kerium DS Intensive Anti-Dandruff Shampoo

This shampoo is known for its micro-exfoliating effect thanks to the included LHA (Lipo-Hydroxy Acid). This helps gently remove dead skin cells and soothe the scalp. The shampoo not only reduces dandruff but also redness and itching, making it ideal for particularly sensitive skin. 

• Price: Approx. €17.79  
• Content: 125 ml 
• Contains silicone: No 
• Contains parabens: No 
• Advantages: Contains micro-exfoliating LHA
• Disadvantages: Higher price per ml

The 3 best anti-dandruff shampoos for oily dandruff 

Head & Shoulders Classic Clean Anti-Dandruff Shampoo

Head & Shoulders is perhaps the best-known brand when it comes to anti-dandruff shampoos, not only because of its good availability and affordable price. This shampoo offers a thorough cleansing and removes excess oil from the scalp. The formula is enriched with zinc pyrithione, which actively fights dandruff and prevents its recurrence.  

• Price: Approx. €5.00  
• Content: 300 ml 
• Contains silicone: Yes 
• Contains parabens: No 
• Advantages: Proven formula, good availability, affordable price. 
• Disadvantages: Contains silicones, which can lead to buildup for some users. May be too intense for sensitive scalps. 

Nizoral Shampoo with Ketoconazole 

Nizoral Shampoo contains the active ingredient ketoconazole, which is particularly effective against fungi and yeasts, often the cause of oily dandruff. It combats dandruff at the root and provides long-term relief. The strong antifungal effect of ketoconazole also resolves particularly stubborn dandruff problems. 

• Price: Approx. €18.45  
• Content: 100 ml 
• Contains silicone: No 
• Contains parabens: Yes 
• Advantages: Contains ketoconazole, ideal for severe cases of dandruff. 
• Disadvantages: Can dry out the scalp with frequent use. 

Selsun Blue Anti-Dandruff Shampoo 

This anti-dandruff shampoo contains selenium sulfide, which effectively works against oily dandruff and excessive sebum production (seborrhea). It soothes the scalp and significantly reduces dandruff formation. The shampoo offers a deep-cleansing effect and is particularly suitable for oily scalp types. 

• Price: Approx. €21.67  
• Content: 200 ml 
• Contains silicone: No 
• Contains parabens: Yes 
• Advantages: Contains effective selenium sulfide. 
• Disadvantages: The smell can be unpleasant. Not suitable for daily use as it can dry out the scalp. 

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What does consumer protection say about anti-dandruff shampoos? 

Consumer protection organizations confirm that many anti-dandruff shampoos are effective against dandruff with regular use. The ingredients are safe when used according to instructions. However, some ingredients like selenium sulfide and ketoconazole should be used with caution, especially on sensitive skin. It is recommended to switch shampoos or seek medical advice for long-term use to avoid overuse.